Xoloitzcuintli
Non-Sporting Group
Toy Miniature & Standard
Origin & History
The Xoloitzcuintli (pronounced "show-low-eats-queen-tlee"), often called Xolo, is one of the world's oldest and rarest breeds, dating back over 3,000 years to ancient Mesoamerica. Revered by the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Maya civilizations, they were considered sacred guides to the underworld and were often buried with their owners.
Named after Xolotl, the Aztec god of fire and lightning, these dogs were believed to have healing powers. The breed nearly went extinct after Spanish colonization but was preserved in remote Mexican villages. The Xolo was recognized by the AKC in 2011 and remains Mexico's national dog.
Today, Xolos are cherished companions known for their unique hairless appearance (though a coated variety exists), warm skin, and loyal temperament.
Stats:
Toy:
- Height: 10-14 inches
- Weight: 10-15 pounds
Miniature:
- Height: 14-18 inches
- Weight: 15-30 pounds
Standard:
- Height: 18-23 inches
- Weight: 30-55 pounds
Coat: Hairless or short-coated variety
Colors: Black, gray, bronze, red, or spotted
Lifespan: 13-18 years
| Traits: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy: Moderate energy; enjoys daily walks and play | ✓ | ||||
| Easy To Train: Intelligent but independent; needs patient training | ✓ | ||||
| Grooming: Low maintenance (hairless) or moderate (coated) | ✓ | ||||
| Family Dog: Loyal and protective; good with older children | ✓ | ||||
| Watchdog: Excellent; alert and protective | ✓ | ||||
| Beginner Friendly: Aloof but low-maintenance | ✓ | ||||
| Prey Drive: Low; ancient companion breed | ✓ | ||||
| Barking: Moderate; will alert to strangers | ✓ | ||||
| Good with other dogs: Reserved with strange dogs | ✓ |
Health Concerns:
- Skin Care Needs: Sunburn and dryness in hairless variety
- Hip Dysplasia: Mild risk in standard size
- Patellar Luxation: Kneecap dislocation in smaller sizes
- Eye Problems: Including PRA in some lines
Please check the Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) and parent breed clubs for health information.
Glossary of general canine health conditions.
Breed Clubs:
Xoloitzcuintli Club of America
Xoloitzcuintli Club of Canada (Facebook)